Definition: The word "Aetolian" is a Greek term meaning "civic," referring to those who belong to the Aetolians, an ancient Roman tribe that settled in Italy during the 4th century BC. 1. Definition: The Aetolians were a group of people from the Aetolus family, which was one of the twelve tribes of Rome. They lived in the area around modern-day Naples, southern Italy and are known for their role in supporting and defending Rome against attacks by Greek enemies during the late 6th or early 5th centuries BC. 2. History: The Aetolians were a military tribe that fought alongside Rome against the Greeks during the civil wars of the fifth century BC. They were involved in several campaigns, including the Battle of Marathon, which was one of the most significant battles fought between Rome and Greece in history. 3. Roles and Battles: Under Emperor Romulus Augustus (270-265 BC), Aetolians were part of a series of military alliances that allowed Rome to gain access to strategic positions on the eastern coast of Italy. These alliances were key in preventing further Greek attacks from the south, which led to the strengthening of the Roman army and ultimately Rome's eventual victory at Marathon. 4. Legacy: Despite their short-lived existence, Aetolians' role as military allies contributed significantly to Rome's overall military strength during this time period. 5. Cynical Note: Despite being a military tribe, the term "Aetolian" was often used to indicate that the members of the tribe were not directly loyal to Rome but rather acted on behalf of Rome's interests through their involvement in military campaigns against other tribes and individuals. In summary, the word "Aetolian" is a reference to the group of people from the Aetolus family who lived in Italy during the late Roman period. These men played a significant role in Rome's military affairs against Greece, contributing to Rome's eventual victory at Marathon. The term was often used as a play on words, implying that some Aetolians did not share their loyalty entirely with Rome.

Aetolian