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Definition: Cryptography is a field of computer science that deals with the secure exchange of information over networks, especially in public key cryptography systems such as RSA or ECC. The word "cryptology" was first used by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1892-1945) in his Sherlock Holmes stories. It refers to the science of encryption and decryption techniques. Cryptography is often studied as an applied field that focuses on methods for protecting data, especially sensitive information, from unauthorized access or disclosure. The word "cryptology" can also refer to the process of creating new cryptographic systems or algorithms using known weaknesses in existing ones. Cryptographers use mathematical concepts, such as groups and polynomials, to create more secure systems. Cryptography has been used in a variety of applications including email encryption, digital signatures, authentication, and digital certificate management. Cryptography is closely related to cryptography and is the study of how data can be securely transmitted over networks using cryptographic protocols. It also includes topics such as key exchange, public key encryption, and secure communication systems. Cryptography plays an important role in enhancing security and privacy in various applications. In summary, cryptology refers to the science of cryptography and the use of mathematical concepts for protecting data from unauthorized access or disclosure. This field involves creating new cryptographic systems using known weaknesses and studying techniques used in existing systems. It also includes topics such as key exchange and secure communication systems.