Definition: Distillation is a process where a substance, such as water, is separated from other components using heat to change its state from liquid to gas. The distillation process works by heating the substance to temperatures that cause the molecules of the substance to gain energy. This energy causes the molecules to vibrate and move faster, allowing them to be more easily compressed into smaller droplets or gases. The process is repeated multiple times as long as the temperature difference between the liquid and vapor states is kept constant. This method is useful for separating materials that have different boiling points (e.g., ice from water) or in which some components are heavier than others (e.g., sugar from water). It is also used to isolate impurities or volatile compounds, such as ethanol from gasoline.
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