Definition: The term "electro-physiol" refers to the study of electrical and chemical changes occurring within biological systems, such as cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Electro-physiological studies are conducted to understand how the body processes its own electrical energy (e.g., when a person's heart rate increases when they exercise) and how this affects their overall health. Electro-physiol is typically divided into two main categories: electrophysiology and electrocardiography. Electrophysiology focuses on understanding how cells communicate with each other within the body, while electrocardiography studies the electrical activity of the heart. Both are essential tools in medical diagnostics and treatments for various diseases. Electro-physiol research can be performed in a variety of settings, including living organisms (such as human hearts), animals (e.g., mice), and synthetic biological systems like artificial cells. The study involves a combination of techniques such as electrophysiological recordings (to measure changes in electrical potential across different regions of the heart) and electrochemical measurements (to evaluate changes in the concentration of chemical ions or other biomarkers). Overall, the field of electro-physiol is crucial for advancing our understanding of health and disease, as well as improving medical diagnostics and treatment approaches.