Definition: The word 'acetylation' is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of an acetyl group to a nucleic acid molecule. Acetyl groups are found in a wide range of amino acids, including glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Tyr). The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called acyltransferases. The process typically involves the addition of one or two acetyl groups to a nitrogen-containing group on an amino acid, such as a tRNA or a signal peptide. This typically occurs at the end of the polypeptide chain and results in the formation of an acetylated protein. The acetylation reaction is important for the regulation and function of many biological processes, including cell signaling, hormone synthesis, and protein folding. It is also involved in the biogenesis of certain proteins, such as those responsible for protein degradation or transport.
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