Definition: Adenovirus is a small viral particle that infects cells in the human body, typically lining the mouth or respiratory tract. It was discovered in 1962 by scientists at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. The name "adenoviral" comes from the fact that it is adenylated (carboxy terminally) in its structure. Adenylate is a small molecule which has been identified as a chemical modification of the viral envelope. It is a very weak amino acid derivative that can be easily removed or replaced by other molecules, and it plays a fundamental role in the formation of the viral particle. Adenoviruses are viruses that have three types of nucleic acids: DNA, RNA, and polyprotein. They can also have accessory virions, which contain proteins and small RNAs. Adenoviruses were first discovered as a result of genetic analysis of a virus that had been introduced into the animal population of the 1930s, but their discovery was not recognized until much later. Adenovirus infections are typically mild, with no symptoms in humans and can occur in children or young adults. Symptoms may include runny nose, coughing, fever, malaise, abdominal cramps, rash, or conjunctivitis. Adenoviruses can also cause gastrointestinal illness, especially if the virus is associated with an overactive immune system. Adenoviruses are known for their ability to enter cells and infect them through a process called internalization. Once inside a cell, the viral DNA polymerase replicates within the host's genome and integrates into the host's RNA transcriptome, leading to the production of viral proteins and other genetic material. This replication cycle can be very complex and can lead to severe infections in infected cells. In summary, adenoviral is a type of small viral particle that infects cells lining the mouth or respiratory tract, typically through an internalization process. Adenoviruses are known for their ability to replicate within host cells and produce proteins and genetic material.

adenoviral